The Messiah Matthew Celebrates: The New Moses who is Emmanuel – God-With-Us
(Matthew 1.18-25)
A meditation by Dave Shull
Spirit of Peace United Church of Christ
Sammamish, Washington
The First Sunday of Advent – November 27, 2011
A week ago today, my three travelling companions and I were walking through the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, in southwest India, on the shores of the Arabian Sea. It was 85 degrees … and really, really sunny. Kerala has a remarkable history. Almost 3000 years ago, King Solomon used teak from Kerala to build the temple in Jerusalem. In the year 52, the disciple we know as “Doubting Thomas” arrived in Kerala. Thomas created Christian communities there long before Christianity came to the West. In the late 1400s, when the Spanish Inquisition reared its evil head, Kerala became a place that welcomed the Jews the Inquisition had targeted. At various times over the past 500 years, Kerala has come under the control of the Portuguese, the Dutch, and the British. Parts of Kerala have literacy and life expectancy rates higher than the United States.
Our tour guide in Kochi was named Marco. His relatives were among the Portuguese who controlled Kerala in the 1500s. There were lots of things our group wanted to see in Kochi. Like good tourists from the States, we kept looking at our watches, Anxious we were going to miss out on something. When we’d do that, Marco would just look at us and smile. More than once, he said, “If we keep chasing time, the only time we catch up to it is when we die. We should let time chase us.” Which was his poetic way of saying, “Stop worrying about what you might be missing out on. Let yourselves enjoy what’s right in front of you. Let yourselves experience what’s going on right now.”
Today we begin the Christian season of Advent. Advent is a Latin word that means “toward the coming”. In the midst of holiday schedules, these four weeks toward the coming of Christ’s birth call us to stop chasing time. And let ourselves experience Jesus Christ being born again, in front of us, inside us, right now.
Matthew and Luke are the only writers in the New Testament who tell stories about the birth of Jesus. The earliest New Testament writers, Paul and Mark, say nothing about his birth. Which means for the earliest followers of Jesus, how he was born didn’t matter. What mattered for these early followers of Jesus was to stop chasing time. And let themselves build a relationship with the Risen, Living Jesus Christ who was in front of them. Inside them. Right now. It was only after they had built a relationship with this Jesus, and realized how life with him had made them more compassionate and forgiving and just and peaceful, that they started to wonder, “How did such a one as this into being? How was this Jesus who is God in the flesh born?”
So Matthew and Luke began to tell stories of how this Jesus Christ came into being.
The stories they tell are very different. Which is something I love about the Bible. The people who put it together didn’t try to make everything agree. They could talk about the same event in lots of different ways. Maybe the Holy Spirit helped them see that the story of God coming to earth as a person was way too big just to tell in one way.
Matthew and Luke have different stories about Jesus’ birth because each of them had a unique relationship with the Risen, Living Jesus. How each of them talk about Jesus’ birth is shaped by who this Messiah Jesus was for them. Today I invite you to look at the way Matthew tells the story. Next week we’ll look at how Luke tells the story. I hope this will help us learn more about how these two writers experienced the Living Jesus Christ. And I hope the Spirit will break us open so we stop chasing time for at least a few moments this Advent. And meet Christ alive, in front of us, inside us, right now.
The Jesus Christ Matthew has a relationship with is the New Moses who is Emmanuel – God with us. Tradition calls the first speech Jesus gives in Matthew the Sermon on the Mount. But it really should be called “The New Law from the New Mountain” (Marcus Borg and John Dominic Crossan, The First Christmas, HarperOne, 2007, p. 44). Because what Jesus does in this sermon is take the 10 commandments Moses brought down from Mt. Sinai and radically re-interpret them. Because they had not formed the kind of community God wanted. The 10 commandments had not given birth to a just, joyful, nonviolent society. So Jesus, the new Moses, offered a new law from a new mountain. With the hope that this time it might be different.
In Matthew’s birth story, there are no shepherds. There’s no crowded inn. Matthew tells a story of Joseph and Mary that his audience would have immediately recognized as the story of Moses’ parents. To make this clear, Suzi will read this morning’s story from Matthew in three different parts.
The birth of Jesus took place like this. His mother, Mary, was engaged to be married to Joseph. Before they came to the marriage bed, Joseph discovered she was pregnant. (It was by the Holy Spirit, but he didn’t know that.) Joseph, chagrined but noble, determined to take care of things quietly so Mary wouldn’t be disgraced.
We can be excused for not hearing anything in this that reminds us of Moses. But the people listening to Matthew tell this story at the end of the first century would have recognized at once the similarities. Because in the first century everyone in the Near East was familiar with a set of Jewish writings about Moses and his parents.
Moses’ father was Amram. His mother was Jochebed are the parents of Moses. Listen for anything this story has in common with what Suzi just read.
When the Israelites heard the command of Pharaoh to cast their male children into the river,…many of God’s people separated from their wives, as did Amram from his wife.
Dangerous pregnancies, and a separation, a leaving, between the man and the woman.
Let’s look at the second part of the story of Jesus as the new Moses.
While he was trying to figure a way out, he had a dream. God’s angel spoke in the dream: “Joseph, son of David, don’t hesitate to get married. Mary’s pregnancy is Spirit-conceived. God’s Holy Spirit has made her pregnant. She will bring a son to birth, and when she does, you, Joseph, will name him Jesus – ‘God saves’ – because he will save people from their sins.” This would bring the prophet’s embryonic sermon to full term:
Watch for this – a virgin will get pregnant and bear a son.
They will name him Immanuel (Hebrew for “God is with us”).
Now from the legend of Moses:
After the lapse of three years the Spirit of God came upon Miriam, so that she went forth and prophesied in the house, saying, “Behold, a son shall be born to my mother and father, and he shall rescue the Israelites from the hands of the Egyptians.”
An angel/spirit comes to Miriam. Miriam is the sister of Moses. Miriam is Hebrew for Mary. And the angel/spirit predicts that this child who is going to be born will save and rescue people from some form of bondage.
How does Matthew conclude this part of the story?
Then Joseph woke up. He did exactly what God’s angel commanded in the dream. He married Mary. But he did not consummate the marriage until she had the baby. He named the baby Jesus (Matthew 1.18-24, The Message ReMix © 2003 Eugene Peterson).
Here’s how the legend of Moses ends.
When Amram heard his young daughter’s prophecy he took back his wife, from whom he had separated in consequence of Pharaoh’s decree to destroy all the male line of the house of Jacob. After three years of separation he went to her and she conceived. When Moses was born, the whole house was at that moment filled with a great light, as the light of the sun and the moon in their splendor.
Just like Joseph, Moses’ father hears a supernatural call to return to his wife. An extraordinary child is conceived. And when the child is born, the heavens respond with uncommon light (this section around the legend of Moses comes from Borg and Crossan, pp. 109-110). Just like the star that guided the magi to the Jesus in Bethlehem.
Matthew sees the Messiah Jesus as the New Moses. Offering a new law from a new mountain. A new law grounded in humility, compassion, nonviolence. A new law that called for profound forgiveness and unyielding commitment.
And Matthew’s relationship with the Risen, Living Christ told Matthew Jesus is Emmanuel. For Matthew, Jesus is God-with-us. Just as Moses stayed with the Hebrew people in spite of their rebelliousness and their rejection of God’s ways, Matthew experiences the new Moses staying with those who seek to follow him. In spite of their rebelliousness and rejection, the Risen One stays with those who seek to follow him. So Matthew makes Jesus as God-with-us bookends for his Gospel. As Suzi read, he begins with the birth story that says Jesus is the child Isaiah prophesied about who would be called God with us. And the last words in this book are the words of the Living, Risen Jesus … those words of life … his promise, “Lo, I will be with you always, even to the end of the age” (Matthew 28.20).
I don’t want this message to be misunderstood. Some people might hear me talk about how Matthew created this birth story from his relationship with the Risen, Living Jesus and say, “Why should I believe something he just made up?”
But doing that totally misses the point. Matthew has created a story which proclaims who Jesus is and what Jesus means for us. There is nothing that could be more true. Matthew knew Jesus as a living, active, calling present. This Jesus was trying to lead his followers to the hardest kind of freedom. A freedom where we love our enemies and where we refuse to surrender to the corrosive power of fear. No one knows exactly how Jesus was conceived or what happened when he was born. And I don’t think that matters. What matters is that Matthew and Luke have given us powerful, life-changing stories of Jesus’ birth that grow out of their relationships with the Living, Risen Jesus Christ. So I believe Matthew. I believe it is true that Jesus is the New Moses. I believe it is true Jesus is Emmanuel, God with us.
As I said at the beginning of this message, what I love about the Bible is that it doesn’t try to tell only one story of God-with-us. The story of God-with-us is way too big to force into one story. God is way too big for any group or any religion to try to take possession of.
Last Sunday, when we were in Kerala, I read this story:
Hindus recall how the god Krishna came to earth as a herder of cows. He used to beckon milkmaids to the forest in the middle of the night to dance the great circle dance. They came, risking everything and Krishna miraculously multiplied himself to dance with each and every one of them. There was plenty of Krishna to go around, an abundance of Krishna’s presence. But the moment the milkmaids became possessive, each thinking that Krishna was dancing with her alone, Krishna disappeared. Krishna’s hide-and-seek in the world enabled the milkmaids to recognize that God was not theirs.
The point is one that speaks to us all. The moment we human beings grasp God with jealousy and possessiveness, we lose hold of God
(Diana Eck, Encountering God, Beacon Press, 1993, pp. 46-7).